Cushing’s Triad case: Secondary head injury. It’s a nice winter afternoon (Midwest winter – that is – a balmy 37°F) and a group of teenagers are playing a recreational game of ice hockey ...Cushing syndrome, also known as hypercortisolism, is a condition in which your body overproduces a hormone called cortisol. Cortisol helps to regulate a variety of processes in the body. These processes include: Controlling blood sugar levels. Regulating metabolism.Oct 11, 2020 · Obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure, depression, and many of the other signs on the list can all contribute to erectile dysfunction. Add that to the hormone disruption caused by Cushing’s in the first place, and it’s a recipe for erectile dysfunction. 15. Difficulty getting pregnant. Cushing’s syndrome (CS) is a rare problem caused when the adrenal gland (s) makes too much of a hormone called cortisol. CS is most often due to a tumor or mass found in the pituitary gland, but can also be caused by tumors in the adrenal glands themselves. People with Cushing's syndrome may see their face get round ("moon face"), they gain ...Apr 20, 2020 · Cushing’s disease, also known as pituitary dependent hypercortisolism, is caused by a non-cancerous pituitary tumor that triggers excessive levels of the stress hormone cortisol. Left untreated, a pituitary tumor could grow large enough to press on the brain and cause neurological symptoms such as difficulty walking or seeing, or other ... The following may contain Chewy links. PetMD is operated by Chewy. Cushing’s disease develops when a dog’s body produces too much of a steroid hormone called cortisol. . Chronically high levels of cortisol in the body leads to recurrent infections, skin problems, a pot-bellied appearance, and increased appetite, thirst, and urinati Cushing syndrome can also be due to endogenous causes; approximately 70% of Cushing syndrome is the result of Cushing disease. Cushing disease occurs when excess adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) production from a benign pituitary tumor (adenoma) causes the adrenal glands to produce excessive amounts of cortisol.Feb 9, 2022 · Cushing’s disease, also called hyperadrenocorticism, is a condition caused by having too much cortisol. Cortisol is a hormone found in all mammals that’s responsible for helping the body deal with stress, control blood pressure, and metabolize sugar. When a cat, dog, or human has Cushing’s disease, the excess cortisol in their body then ... Cushing's disease (also known as Cushing’s syndrome) is a condition in which the adrenal glands overproduce certain hormones. The medical term for this disease is hyperadrenocorticism. Literally translated, “hyper” means over-active, “adreno” means adrenal gland, and “corticism” refers to the outer part (cortex) of the adrenal gland.Sep 1, 2000 · The most common endogenous cause of Cushing's syndrome is Cushing's disease. Frequent clinical findings include weight gain, truncal obesity, striae, hypertension, glucose intolerance and infections. May 6, 2022 · Cushing's disease is a metabolic disorder caused by long-term exposure to an excess of the hormone cortisol in the body ( stress hormone). This disorder is caused by an excess of adrenocorticotropic hormone released by the pituitary gland. Cushing’s disease is an uncommon variant of Cushing’s syndrome. Cushing’s triad usually occurs in the late stages of acute head injury. This reflex is usually a normal homeostatic response of the body to prevent brain ischemia. But, unfortunately, this triad is a late indication of increased intracranial pressure. Moreover, this triad also suggests that brainstem herniation is possible.Management Outlook Cushing syndrome occurs when the body overproduces cortisol. It can cause symptoms, including weight gain and thinning skin. What is Cushing syndrome? Cushing syndrome, or...39 School StreetAshburnham, MA 01430. Founded in 1865, Cushing is an independent, college preparatory school for girls and boys in grades 9 through 12 and post-graduate. Cushing Academy exists for students and develops curious, creative, and confident learners and leaders. Our beautiful 162-acre campus is located in Ashburnham, Massachusetts ... Cushing syndrome happens when the body has too much of the hormone cortisol for a long time. This can result from the body making too much cortisol, or from taking medicines called glucocorticoids, which affect the body the same way as cortisol.This is called ectopic Cushing syndrome. Ectopic means that something is occurring in an abnormal place in the body. Ectopic Cushing syndrome is caused by tumors that release ACTH. Tumors that can, in rare cases, release ACTH include: Benign carcinoid tumors of the lung. Islet cell tumors of the pancreas. Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid.What causes Cushing's syndrome and Cushing's disease? Some people with Cushing's syndrome have a benign tumour in part of the brain. This tumour tells the adrenal glands to release cortisol. This condition is known as Cushing's disease. Cushing's syndrome can also be caused by: a tumour of the adrenal gland; overgrowth of the adrenal glands Mar 20, 2023 · The Cushing reflex (vasopressor response, Cushing reaction, Cushing effect, and Cushing phenomenon) is a physiological nervous system response to acute elevations of intracranial pressure (ICP), resulting in Cushing’s triad of widened pulse pressure (increasing systolic, decreasing diastolic), bradycardia, and irregular respirations. What is Cushing’s disease? “Cushing’s disease is a rare but serious condition that is caused by a pituitary tumour," a specialist from the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) pituitary team tells Yahoo Canada. " The gland releases excessive adrenocorticotropic hormones and cortisol into the blood over a long period of time.Nov 24, 2020 · Price Range: $$. Royal Canin gastrointestinal diet is a low-fat (maximum 9.4% of dry matter) dog food with over 22% protein by dry matter. This product includes digestible proteins and prebiotic fiber to assist digestion. It comes in a 1.5-pound container. Cushing’s disease—also known as hypercortisolism and hyperadrenocorticism—is a serious disease that typically affects middle-aged and senior dogs. It can be serious if left untreated. Here’s what you need to know about Cushing’s disease in dogs—from types and symptoms to treatment and care.Cushing’s disease is a condition of excessive production of the hormone cortisol due to a benign tumor of the pituitary gland. Common symptoms include high blood pressure, high blood sugar, fatigue, and body fat accumulation to the face, neck, and abdomen. The wide variety of symptoms and gradual changes in appearance often lead to delayed ...Cushing is a city in Nacogdoches County, Texas, United States. The population was 612 at the 2010 census. Geography. Cushing is located at (31.813492, –94.840288 ... Cushing’s disease in dogs is brought about by an excess of circulating cortisol hormone. This causes functional tumors to form on a dog’s adrenal or pituitary glands. There are three different types of canine Cushing’s disease: pituitary-based, adrenal-based and iatrogenic. Chronic and slowly progressive, each type presents the same ...Cushing’s syndrome (hyperadrenocorticism) occurs when the adrenal gland produces too much cortisol. While cortisol is an essential hormone, elevated levels lead to illness. There are several possible causes to this disease, including a tumor in the pituitary gland or the outer layer of the adrenal gland.Cushing syndrome, also known as hypercortisolism, is a condition in which your body overproduces a hormone called cortisol. Cortisol helps to regulate a variety of processes in the body. These processes include: Controlling blood sugar levels. Regulating metabolism. Aug 16, 2021 · Cushing’s disease is a disorder characterized by symptoms that include weight gain, changes in skin and body hair, and emotional disturbances. These symptoms develop due to excess production of the hormone cortisol. Cushing’s disease is a specific type of Cushing’s syndrome, which is a broader term that encompasses any health problem ... Jul 1, 2008 · Cushing’s syndrome (hyperadrenocorticism) occurs when the adrenal gland produces too much cortisol. While cortisol is an essential hormone, elevated levels lead to illness. There are several possible causes to this disease, including a tumor in the pituitary gland or the outer layer of the adrenal gland. Cushing is a city in Nacogdoches County, Texas, United States. The population was 612 at the 2010 census. Geography. Cushing is located at (31.813492, –94.840288 ... Cushing's disease is one cause of Cushing's syndrome characterised by increased secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from the anterior pituitary (secondary hypercortisolism ). This is most often as a result of a pituitary adenoma (specifically pituitary basophilism) or due to excess production of hypothalamus CRH ( corticotropin ...Management Outlook Cushing syndrome occurs when the body overproduces cortisol. It can cause symptoms, including weight gain and thinning skin. What is Cushing syndrome? Cushing syndrome, or...Cushing's syndrome is a disorder caused by the body’s exposure to an excess of the hormone cortisol. Cortisol affects all tissues and organs in the body. These effects together are known as Cushing's syndrome. Cushing’s syndrome can be caused by overuse of cortisol medication, as seen in the treatment of chronic asthma or rheumatoid ... Cushing’s horses today have a better prognosis than ever before, and with proper treatment and management they can enjoy long and productive lives. In recent studies, McFarlane has found that PPID begins when hypothalamic neurons degenerate and produce less dopamine, the substance that restrains pituitary secretion.What is Cushing’s Disease? Equine Cushing’s disease is a chronic, progressive endocrine disease seen in middle-aged to senior horses. More accurately labeled pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction, or PPID, this is a disease of the pituitary gland.The diagnostic approach to patients with suspected Cushing’s syndrome has been published in an evidence-based guideline by the Endocrine Society. Three diagnostic studies are currently recommended: late-night salivary cortisol, 24 hour urine free cortisol, low-dose dexamethasone suppression. If any of these tests is abnormal, a referral to an ...Cushing disease is a subset of a larger condition called Cushing syndrome, which results when cortisol levels are increased by one of a number of possible causes. Sometimes adenomas that occur in organs or tissues other than the pituitary gland, such as adrenal gland adenomas , can also increase cortisol production, causing Cushing syndrome.Cushing’s disease in dogs is brought about by an excess of circulating cortisol hormone. This causes functional tumors to form on a dog’s adrenal or pituitary glands. There are three different types of canine Cushing’s disease: pituitary-based, adrenal-based and iatrogenic. Chronic and slowly progressive, each type presents the same ...The following may contain Chewy links. PetMD is operated by Chewy. Cushing’s disease develops when a dog’s body produces too much of a steroid hormone called cortisol. . Chronically high levels of cortisol in the body leads to recurrent infections, skin problems, a pot-bellied appearance, and increased appetite, thirst, and urinati The most common cause of Cushing syndrome is taking too much glucocorticoid or corticosteroid medicine. This form of Cushing syndrome is called exogenous Cushing syndrome. Prednisone, dexamethasone, and prednisolone are examples of this type of medicine. Glucocorticoids mimic the action of the body's natural hormone cortisol.Welcome to Cushing Academy, a private, coed day and boarding high school with a postgraduate option, located an hour from Boston in Ashburnham, Massachusetts.What is Cushing's syndrome? Cushing's syndrome is a hormonal disorder. It’s caused when you have high levels of the hormone cortisol over a long time. Cushing's syndrome is fairly rare. It most often affects adults who are 20 to 50 years old. It is sometimes called hypercortisolism. Cushing's syndrome is a disorder caused by the body’s exposure to an excess of the hormone cortisol. Cortisol affects all tissues and organs in the body. These effects together are known as Cushing's syndrome. Cushing’s syndrome can be caused by overuse of cortisol medication, as seen in the treatment of chronic asthma or rheumatoid ...Diagnosing Cushing’s Syndrome. Your doctor will run a series of tests to measure your cortisol levels and determine the source of the excess hormone (pituitary, adrenal, or an ectopic tumor). Tests include saliva, blood, urine, and imaging. Diagnosing Cushing’s syndrome can be difficult and take time because many of the symptoms can be ...Obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure, depression, and many of the other signs on the list can all contribute to erectile dysfunction. Add that to the hormone disruption caused by Cushing’s in the first place, and it’s a recipe for erectile dysfunction. 15. Difficulty getting pregnant.Cushing’s disease affects your cat’s adrenal glands. If your cat develops this condition, his adrenal glands will produce more of the hormone cortisol than his body needs. While cortisol is an integral part of overall health, too much can lead to serious illness and even death. Cushing syndrome, also known as hypercortisolism, is a condition in which your body overproduces a hormone called cortisol. Cortisol helps to regulate a variety of processes in the body. These processes include: Controlling blood sugar levels. Regulating metabolism.Cushing’s Triad case: Secondary head injury. It’s a nice winter afternoon (Midwest winter – that is – a balmy 37°F) and a group of teenagers are playing a recreational game of ice hockey ...Cushing’s syndrome is a disorder that occurs when your body makes too much of the hormone cortisol over a long period of time. Cortisol is sometimes called the “stress hormone” because it helps your body respond to stress. Cortisol also helps maintain blood pressure regulate blood glucose, also called blood sugar reduce inflammation Cushing’s disease—also known as hypercortisolism and hyperadrenocorticism—is a serious disease that typically affects middle-aged and senior dogs. It can be serious if left untreated. Here’s what you need to know about Cushing’s disease in dogs—from types and symptoms to treatment and care.Cushing’s disease (otherwise known as hyperadrenocorticism) is an overproduction of cortisol in the body. The endocrine system is the system in the body that produces and regulates hormones, such as cortisol. Cortisol is important and critical for many functions in the body, such as responding to stress, modulating the immune system or ...Cushing syndrome is a disorder that occurs when your body has a higher than normal level of the hormone cortisol. This hormone is normally made in the adrenal glands. Exogenous means caused by something outside the body. Exogenous Cushing syndrome occurs when a person takes man-made (synthetic) glucocorticoid medicines to treat a disease.Cushing’s disease, also known as hyperadrenocorticism, occurs when the body produces too much cortisol. Cortisol is a hormone produced and stored by the adrenals, which are two small glands that are above the kidneys. Cortisol helps the body during times of stress, regulates appropriate body weight, skin condition and tissue structure.The Cushing reflex helps save brain tissues during periods of poor perfusion. Unfortunately, it s a late sign of increasing intracranial pressure and indicates that brainstem herniation is imminent.Cushing’s disease, also known as hyperadrenocorticism, occurs when the body produces too much cortisol. Cortisol is a hormone produced and stored by the adrenals, which are two small glands that are above the kidneys. Cortisol helps the body during times of stress, regulates appropriate body weight, skin condition and tissue structure.Cushing disease is a condition in which the pituitary gland releases too much adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). The pituitary gland is an organ of the endocrine system. Cushing disease is a form of Cushing syndrome . Other forms of Cushing syndrome include exogenous Cushing syndrome, Cushing syndrome caused by adrenal tumor, and ectopic ... Cushing's syndrome is the result of excessive corticosteroids in the body. The main cause is overproduction of adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) in the pituitary gland. ACTH causes the adrenal glands to produce corticosteroids, so too much of ACTH means too much of corticosteroids. Another main cause is taking long-term external steroids like ...The Cushing reflex (vasopressor response, Cushing reaction, Cushing effect, and Cushing phenomenon) is a physiological nervous system response to acute elevations of intracranial pressure (ICP), resulting in Cushing’s triad of widened pulse pressure (increasing systolic, decreasing diastolic), brady …Cushing’s syndrome is a disorder that occurs when your body makes too much of the hormone cortisol over a long period of time. Cortisol is sometimes called the “stress hormone” because it helps your body respond to stress. Cortisol also helps maintain blood pressure regulate blood glucose, also called blood sugar reduce inflammationEquine Cushing’s Disease is more commonly known as Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction (PPID). It involves the overproduction of certain pituitary hormones and is the most common endocrine disease of older horses and ponies. PPID occurs in all breeds and both genders, with increasing age as the only proven risk factor.Cushing's disease is responsible for roughly two thirds of the cases of endogenous Cushing's syndrome. 1, 3, 4 The remainder of the endogenous cases are caused by ectopic ACTH-secreting tumors and ...Cushing’s disease, also known as hyperadrenocorticism, occurs when the body produces too much cortisol. Cortisol is a hormone produced and stored by the adrenals, which are two small glands that are above the kidneys. Cortisol helps the body during times of stress, regulates appropriate body weight, skin condition and tissue structure.What is Cushing’s disease? “Cushing’s disease is a rare but serious condition that is caused by a pituitary tumour," a specialist from the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) pituitary team tells Yahoo Canada. " The gland releases excessive adrenocorticotropic hormones and cortisol into the blood over a long period of time.Dec 16, 2019 · The distinction between pseudo-Cushing’s states (PCS) and Cushing’s syndrome (CS) poses a significant clinical challenge even for expert endocrinologists. A patient’s clinical history can sometimes help to distinguish between them (as in the case of alcoholic individuals), but the overlap in clinical and laboratory findings makes it ... Oct 29, 2020 · Cushing’s disease—also known as hypercortisolism and hyperadrenocorticism—is a serious disease that most affects middle-aged and senior dogs. It can be serious if left untreated. Here’s what you need to know about Cushing’s disease in dogs—from types and symptoms to treatment and care. Cushing's disease (hyperadrenocorticism) is a serious health condition in dogs that occurs when the adrenal glands overproduce cortisol (cortisone) in the animal's body. Excess cortisol can put a dog at risk of several serious conditions and illnesses, from kidney damage to diabetes, and can be life-threatening.Cushing syndrome happens when the body has too much of the hormone cortisol for a long time. This can result from the body making too much cortisol, or from taking medicines called glucocorticoids, which affect the body the same way as cortisol.Nov 9, 2021 · Cushing’s disease is an endocrine disorder of middle-aged and older dogs. It’s the result of the overproduction of cortisol by the adrenal glands located on each kidney. Normally, your dog responds to stress by producing something called ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone). Cushing’s disease, also known as pituitary dependent hypercortisolism, is caused by a non-cancerous pituitary tumor that triggers excessive levels of the stress hormone cortisol. Left untreated, a pituitary tumor could grow large enough to press on the brain and cause neurological symptoms such as difficulty walking or seeing, or other ...Cushing syndrome occurs when there is an excess of cortisol, a hormone produced by the adrenal glands ( figure 1 ). Cortisol is a type of hormone called a "glucocorticoid." It has many important functions and is necessary for the body to work properly; however, too much cortisol can cause problems. Normally, the adrenal glands' production of ...Cushing’s disease affects your cat’s adrenal glands. If your cat develops this condition, his adrenal glands will produce more of the hormone cortisol than his body needs. While cortisol is an integral part of overall health, too much can lead to serious illness and even death.Cushing’s syndrome is a hormonal condition that occurs when a person’s cortisol levels are too high. It can have severe and wide-ranging effects on the body. It often results from using ...Cushing’s, which is also known as hypercortisolism and hyperadrenocorticism, can be tricky for a vet to diagnose, because it has the same symptoms as other conditions. Overview What is Cushing syndrome? Cushing syndrome is an uncommon condition that happens when your body has too much of a hormone called cortisol. Another word for Cushing syndrome is hypercortisolism. A syndrome is a medical term that refers to a group of signs and symptoms that happen together.Cushing's syndrome is a disorder caused by the body’s exposure to an excess of the hormone cortisol. Cortisol affects all tissues and organs in the body. These effects together are known as Cushing's syndrome. Cushing’s syndrome can be caused by overuse of cortisol medication, as seen in the treatment of chronic asthma or rheumatoid ...Jul 1, 2008 · Cushing’s syndrome (hyperadrenocorticism) occurs when the adrenal gland produces too much cortisol. While cortisol is an essential hormone, elevated levels lead to illness. There are several possible causes to this disease, including a tumor in the pituitary gland or the outer layer of the adrenal gland. What is Cushing’s disease? “Cushing’s disease is a rare but serious condition that is caused by a pituitary tumour," a specialist from the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) pituitary team tells Yahoo Canada. " The gland releases excessive adrenocorticotropic hormones and cortisol into the blood over a long period of time.Welcome to Cushing Academy, a private, coed day and boarding high school with a postgraduate option, located an hour from Boston in Ashburnham, Massachusetts.Cushing’s syndrome (CS) is a rare problem caused when the adrenal gland (s) makes too much of a hormone called cortisol. CS is most often due to a tumor or mass found in the pituitary gland, but can also be caused by tumors in the adrenal glands themselves. People with Cushing's syndrome may see their face get round ("moon face"), they gain ...
Cushing is a city in Nacogdoches County, Texas, United States. The population was 612 at the 2010 census. Geography. Cushing is located at (31.813492, –94.840288 .... Hop and wine beverage
Management of Equine Cushing’s Disease and Equine Metabolic Syndrome . Dana Zimmel, DVM, DACVIM, DABVP . Equine Pars Intermedia Dysfuntion (PPID) also known as Equine Cushing’s Disease . Hyperadrenocorticism is one of the most frequently diagnosed endocrine abnormalities of the horse. It is one of the most common diseases of horses greater thanMar 3, 2022 · Cushing’s disease in dogs is brought about by an excess of circulating cortisol hormone. This causes functional tumors to form on a dog’s adrenal or pituitary glands. There are three different types of canine Cushing’s disease: pituitary-based, adrenal-based and iatrogenic. Chronic and slowly progressive, each type presents the same ... Cushing syndrome occurs when there is an excess of cortisol, a hormone produced by the adrenal glands ( figure 1 ). Cortisol is a type of hormone called a "glucocorticoid." It has many important functions and is necessary for the body to work properly; however, too much cortisol can cause problems. Normally, the adrenal glands' production of ...Cushing reflex (also referred to as the vasopressor response, the Cushing effect, the Cushing reaction, the Cushing phenomenon, the Cushing response, or Cushing's Law) is a physiological nervous system response to increased intracranial pressure (ICP) that results in Cushing's triad of increased blood pressure, irregular breathing, and ... español >. Cushing syndrome (also sometimes called Cushing's syndrome) is a disorder with physical and mental changes that result from having too much cortisol in the blood for a long period of time. There are two types of Cushing syndrome: exogenous (caused by factors outside the body) and endogenous (caused by factors within the body).Cushing’s disease, or hyperadrenocorticism, is where a dog’s adrenal glands produce too much cortisol (they can also overproduce other hormones, but cortisol is the main one). There are three types of Cushing’s disease.Hypercortisolism refers to the clinical state resulting from excess tissue exposure to cortisol and/or other glucocorticoids. When such exposure is sustained, it results in the development of Cushing syndrome (CS), which is a distinctive constellation of clinical signs and symptoms resulting from chronic exposure to excess cortisol, either ...Cushing's disease (hyperadrenocorticism) is a serious health condition in which the adrenal glands overproduce cortisol (cortisone) in the body. Excess cortisol can put a dog at risk of several serious conditions and illnesses, from kidney damage to diabetes, and can be life-threatening.Obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure, depression, and many of the other signs on the list can all contribute to erectile dysfunction. Add that to the hormone disruption caused by Cushing’s in the first place, and it’s a recipe for erectile dysfunction. 15. Difficulty getting pregnant.Cushing's syndrome is a disorder caused by the body’s exposure to an excess of the hormone cortisol. Cortisol affects all tissues and organs in the body. These effects together are known as Cushing's syndrome. Cushing’s syndrome can be caused by overuse of cortisol medication, as seen in the treatment of chronic asthma or rheumatoid ...Mar 3, 2022 · Cushing’s disease in dogs is brought about by an excess of circulating cortisol hormone. This causes functional tumors to form on a dog’s adrenal or pituitary glands. There are three different types of canine Cushing’s disease: pituitary-based, adrenal-based and iatrogenic. Chronic and slowly progressive, each type presents the same ... Dec 8, 2022 · In most cases, Cushing's disease begins as subtle changes in behaviour and appearance. The most obvious sign is the lack of a topline. The hair coat may be thin or coarse, and there may be evidence of delayed shedding. Horses with Cushing's disease are usually lethargic. Their appetite and energy levels decrease. May 22, 2019 · Cushing’s disease in dogs is caused by one of three things: A tumor on the pituitary gland at the base of the brain (this gland is responsible for telling the adrenal glands to secrete cortisol). Cushing is a city in Payne County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 8,371 at the 2000 census. The city was established after the Land Run of 1891 by Billy Rae Little. It was named for Marshall Cushing, private secretary to U.S. Postmaster General John Wanamaker. An oil boom that began in 1912 led to the city's development as a ...Feb 9, 2022 · Cushing’s disease, also called hyperadrenocorticism, is a condition caused by having too much cortisol. Cortisol is a hormone found in all mammals that’s responsible for helping the body deal with stress, control blood pressure, and metabolize sugar. When a cat, dog, or human has Cushing’s disease, the excess cortisol in their body then ... The Cushing reflex (vasopressor response, Cushing reaction, Cushing effect, and Cushing phenomenon) is a physiological nervous system response to acute elevations of intracranial pressure (ICP), resulting in Cushing’s triad of widened pulse pressure (increasing systolic, decreasing diastolic), brady …Cushing syndrome occurs when there is an excess of cortisol, a hormone produced by the adrenal glands ( figure 1 ). Cortisol is a type of hormone called a "glucocorticoid." It has many important functions and is necessary for the body to work properly; however, too much cortisol can cause problems. Normally, the adrenal glands' production of ....
